Selected Sources from the Collections
of the New York State Library
January 1991
The University of the State of New York
The State Education Department
The New York State Library
Albany, New York 12230
FOREWARD
This is the second part of the New York State Library's series,
An African-American Bibliography. It is issued in honor of both Black
History Month and Inventors Day, February 1991.
The mission of the New York State Library is to provide
reference, information, and materials to support the work of New York
State government and to ensure that every resident of the State has
convenient access to essential library services. To carry out this mission,
the Library serves as the principal library resource for State
government and is a coordinating and resource center for the statewide
interlibrary loan network. If you cannot obtain the works listed in this
bibliography at your local library, you may request them through
interlibrary loan. The bibliography contains items in the collections of
the New York State Library and includes books, selected periodical
articles, patents, and other materials. New York State Library call
numbers are given for books and periodicals to facilitate both library
retrieval and interlibrary loan. Patent documents are filed numerically
and are part of the patent depository collection of the New York State
Library.
The contributions of black Americans in the areas of science,
technology, medicine, and allied fields such as dentistry and nursing
have gone largely unremarked, with a few famous exceptions. The
material in this bibliography emphasizes the accomplishments of
individuals from all parts of the country, in all periods, from all
backgrounds. It is hoped that it will provide one starting point for
future research.
Most of what we know about African-American inventors with
patents prior to 1910 is the result of the definitive, contemporary work
of Henry Edward Baker, a young African-American graduate of
Harvard Law School whose position of Assistant Examiner at the U.S.
Patent Office facilitated his scholarly explorations. From the replies of
thousands of registered patent attorneys to correspondence, Baker
collected nearly 800 instances of verified patents issued to blacks, which
he claimed represented less than half of those actually in existence. A
portion of Baker's work was published in two essays and one journal
article, listed in this bibliography. Baker's list consisted, for the most
part, of last names and first initials, although patent documents give full
names, which are included here.
Sources for later twentieth-century African-American patentees
are fragmentary and far from comprehensive. There are no reliable
statistics. The published U.S. Patent and Trademark Office records
typically do not identify patentees by race, one noteworthy exception
being Henry Blair and his two inventions (1834 and 1836).
Note: listed names may appear in patent documents as sole or
coinventors. For reasons of space, no more than three patents are
given for each inventor. Patent titles as given in annual indexes,
databases, or the Official Gazette of the U.S. Patent and Trademark
Office may vary slightly from each other and from the titles on the
patent documents themselves.
BOOKS
Allen, Sallie T. The Directory of Black Nursing Faculty; Baccalaureate
and Higher Degree Programs. Lisle, IL: Tucker Publications, Inc.,
1988. (R, 610.7302573, qA429, 89-2808).
American Nurses' Association. Minority Groups in Nursing: A
Bibliography. Kansas City, MO: The Association, 1976. (C,
016.3621, A512, 76-8196, 1976).
Baker, Henry Edwin. The Colored Inventor. Reprint of the 1913 edition.
New York: Arno Press, 1969. (C, 608.717496, B167, 78-21142).
Originally published on the 50th anniversary of the
Emancipation Proclamation.
Baker, Henry Edwin. "The Negro as an Inventor." In: Twentieth Century
Negro Literature, or, A Cyclopedia of Thought on the Vital Topics
Relating to the American Negro, edited by D. W. Culp.
Naperville, IL: J. L. Nichols & Co., 1902. (C, 325.26, C96).
Contains a list of several hundred patents issued to
African-Americans through the year 1900, a commentary
on some of the inventors, a summary of background
research, and a brief biography of the author.
Banneker, Benjamin. Works of Benjamin Banneker. New York: 3M
International Microfilm Press, 1970. (MA/FM, 528.1, B219).
Microfilmed from the Schomburg Collections of the New
York Public Library. Contents: Benjamin Banneker's
Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland and Virginia Almanack
and Ephemeris for the Year of Our Lord, 1792; Banneker's
Almanack and Ephemeris for the Year of Our Lord, 1793;
Virginia Almanack, for the Year of Our Lord, 1794; John
H. Latrobe, Memoir of Benjamin Banneker, read before the
Maryland Historical Society; Martha Tyson Ellicot, Sketch
of the Life of Benjamin Banneker, from Notes Taken in
1836; Benjamin J. Lossing, "Benjamin Banneker," In:
Eminent Americans: Comprising Brief Biographies of Three
Hundred and Thirty Distinguished Persons.
Boykin, A. Wade, Anderson J. Franklin and J. Frank Yates, eds.
Research Directions of Black Psychologists. New York: Russell
Sage Foundation, 1979. (C, 155.8496073, R432, 80-32856).
Brown, Letitia Woods and Elsie M. Lewis. Washington from Banneker
to Douglas. Washington, D.C.: Education Department, National
Portrait Gallery, 1971. (C, 310.4519607, qB878, 77-7458).
Prepared to accompany an exhibit at the National
Portrait Gallery, Nov. 1, 1971 to Jan. 28, 1972.
Burt, McKinley, Jr. Black Inventors of America. Portland, OR: National
Book Company, 1989. (C, 926.6048 qB973, 90-13120).
Campbell, Marie. Folks Do Get Born. New York: Rinehart & Company,
1946. (Z, 618.2, C189).
Midwives in Georgia.
Carnegie, Mary Elizabeth. The Path We Tread; Blacks in Nursing,
1854-1984. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1986. (C, 331.4816107,
C289, 87-053723).
Carver, George Washington. George Washington Carver in His Own
Words. Edited by Gary R. Kremer. Columbia: University of
Missouri Press, 1987. (C, 630.924, C331, 87-33768).
Cobb, William Montague. The First Negro Medical Society; A History of
the Medico-Chirurigical Society of the District of Columbia,
1884-1939. Washington, DC: The Associated Publishers, 1939.
(Z, 610.6, M486).
Conner, Douglas L. A Black Physician's Story: Bringing Hope in
Mississippi. Jackson, MS: University Press of Mississippi, 1985.
(C, 610.924, C752, 88-028184).
Dummett, Clifton Orrin, ed. The Growth and Development of the Negro
in Dentistry in the United States. Chicago: National Dental
Association, 1952. (Z, 617.6, D889).
Graham, Shirley. Your Most Humble Servant. New York: Julian Messner
Inc., 1949. (Z, 520.92, B219g).
Biography of Benjamin Banneker.
Greene, Harry Washington. Holders of Doctorates Among American
Negroes: An Educational and Social Study of Negroes Who Have
Earned Doctoral Degrees in Course, 1876-1943. Boston: Meador
Publishing Company, 1946. (C, 325.26, G7992).
Guzman, Jessie Parkhurst. George Washington Carver, A Classified
Bibliography. Records and Research Pamphlet No. 3. Tuskegee,
AL: Department of Records and Research, Tuskegee Institute,
1954. (C, 012, C331, 74-7625).
Haber, Louis. Black Pioneers of Science and Invention. New York:
Harcourt, Brace & World, 1970. (Z, 509.2, Ah12).
Hardwick, Richard. Charles Richard Drew, Pioneer in Blood Research.
New York: Scribner, 1967. (Z, 610.92, D776h2).
Harris, M. A. Granville T. Woods Memorial. Collector's ed. Brooklyn:
M.A. Harris, 1974. (C, 620.0092, qW894, 75-6844).
Hayden, Robert C. and Jacqueline Harris. Nine Black American
Doctors. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1976. (C, 920,H415,
78-24643).
Henderson, Algo Donmeyer and Natalie B. Gumas. Admitting Black
Students to Medical and Dental Schools. Berkeley, CA: Center
for Research and Development in Higher Education, University
of California, 1971. (C, 378.1057, qH496).
Hine, Darlene Clark, ed. Black Women in the Nursing Profession: A
Documentary History. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1985.
(C, 610.7308996, qB627, 86-36450).
Ho, James K. K., ed. Black Engineers in the United States; A Directory.
Washington, DC: Howard University Press, 1974. (C,
620.002573, H678, 77-29269).
Holt, Rackham. George Washington Carver; An American Biography.
Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran, 1943. (Z, 630.92, C33h).
"Inventors and Scientists," In: The Negro Almanac: A Reference Work on
the Afro-American, edited by Harry A. Ploski and James
Williams. 4th ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1983, pp.
1053-1076. (R, 973, qP729a, 1983).
Ives, Patricia Carter. Creativity and Inventions: The Genius of
Afro-Americans and Women in the United States and Their
Patents. Arlington, VA: Research Unlimited, 1987. (C, 609.22,
I95, 90-14537).
James, Portia. The Real McCoy: African-American Invention and
Innovation, 1619-1930. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution,
1989. (C, 609.22, J28, 90-13178).
Jenkins, Edward S., ed. American Black Scientists and Inventors.
Washington, DC: National Science Teachers Association, 1975.
Available as ERIC document. (ED 176-983).
Kenney, John A. The Negro in Medicine. Tuskegee, AL: Tuskegee
Institute Press, 1912. (Z, 610.92, Ak).
Kidd, Foster, ed. Profile of the Negro in American Dentistry. Prepared
under the supervision of the Society for Research and Study of
the Negro in Dentistry, Inc. Washington, DC: Howard University
Press, 1979. (C, 301.4446, P964, 80-32841).
Latimer, Lewis H. Incandescent Electric Lighting: A Practical Description
of the Edison System. NY: Van Nostrand, 1890. (N, 621.326,
L35).
Manber, David. Wizard of Tuskegee; The Life of George Washington
Carver. New York: Crowell-Collier Press, 1967. (Z, 630.92,
C33m2).
Manning, Kenneth R. Black Apollo of Science: The Life of Ernest
Everett Just. New York: Oxford University Press, 1983. (C,
574.0924, M283, 84-29211).
Maynard, Aubre de L. Surgeons to the Poor: The Harlem Hospital Story.
New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1978. (C, 362.1109747,
M471, 78-34304).
McMurry, Linda O. George Washington Carver, Scientist and Symbol.
New York: Oxford University Press, 1981. (C, 630.924, M168,
82-22310).
Merritt, Raleigh Howard. From Captivity to Fame; or, The Life of
George Washington Carver. Boston: Meador Publishing Co., 1928.
(Z, 630.92, C33m5).
Miller, Basil William. George Washington Carver, God's Ebony Scientist.
2d ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1943.
(Z, 630.92, C33m).
Morais, Herbert Montfort. History of the Negro in Medicine.
International Library of Negro Life and History, vol. 4. New
York: Publishers Company, Inc., 1968. (C, 917.3097496, qI615).
Norris, John Saurin. Sketch of the Life of Benjamin Banneker; from
notes taken in 1836. Baltimore: Maryland Historical Society,
1854. (Z, 610.92, B21n).
Paper read by Mr. Norris to the Society, actually
compiled by Martha Tyson Ellicot, who knew Banneker
personally and was in possession of the Banneker papers.
Organ, Claude H., Jr. and Margaret M. Kosiba. A Century of Black
Surgeons; the U.S.A. Experience. Norman, OK: Transcript Press,
1987. (C, 617.0922, c397, 88-033590).
Patterson, Lillie. Benjamin Banneker, Genius of Early America.
Nashville: Abingdon, 1978. (C, 520.924, B219, 79-20204).
Pearson, Willie, Jr. and H. Kenneth Bechtel, eds. Blacks, Science and
American Education. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University
Press, 1989. (C, 508.996073, B631, 89-45053).
Peyton, Thomas Roy. Quest for Dignity: An Autobiography of a Negro
Doctor. Los Angeles: Publishers Western, 1963. (Z, 610.92,
P519p5).
Pitrone, Jean Maddern. Trailblazer; Negro Nurse in the American Red
Cross. New York: Harcourt, Brace & World, 1969. (Z, 610.92,
D261p6).
The story of Frances Elliot Davis, first black Red Cross
nurse.
Poindexter, Hildrus Augustus. My World of Reality (An Autobiography).
(C, 610.924, P571, 74-11120).
Story of an African-American physician.
Reitzes, Deitrich C. Negroes and Medicine. Cambridge, MA: Harvard
University Press, 1958. (Z, 610, R379).
Sammons, Vivian O., comp. Blacks in Science and Related Disciplines.
LC Science Tracer Bullet TB-85-5. Washington, DC: Library of
Congress, Science Reference Section, June 1985. (LC
33.10:85-5).
________. Blacks in Science and Medicine. New York: Hemisphere
Publishing Corporation, 1990. (C, 509.2, qB631, 90-6929).
"Scientists." In: Encyclopedia of Black America, edited by William A.
Low and Virgil A. Clift. New York: McGraw-Hill Book
Company, 1981. (R, 973.0496073, qE56, 81-24479).
Stanley, Autumn. "From Africa to America: Black Women Inventors."
In: The Technological Woman: Interfacing with Tomorrow, edited
by Jan Zimmerman. New York: Praeger, 1983. (C, 305.4, T255,
83-29717).
Staupers, Mabel Keaton. No Time for Prejudice; A Story of the
Integration of Negroes in Nursing in the United States. New York:
Macmillan, 1961. (Z, 610.7306273, S798).
Still, James. Early Recollections and Life of Dr. James Still, 1812-1885.
New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1973. (C,
616.00924, S857, 74-4164).
Summerville, James. Educating Black Doctors; A History of Meharry
Medical College. University, AL: University of Alabama Press,
1983. (C, 610.7117685, S955, 84-37541).
Williams, James C., comp. At Last Recognition in America: A Reference
Handbook of Unknown Black Inventors and Their Contributions
to America. Chicago: B.C.A. Publishing Corp., 1978. (C, 608.778,
W724, 82-24801, v.1).
Woodson, Carter Godwin. The Negro Professional Man and the
Community, with Special Emphasis on the Physician and the
Lawyer. Washington, DC: Association for the Study of Negro
Life and History, Inc., 1934. (C, 325.26, W89nep).
SELECTED PERIODICAL ARTICLES
Alexander, Leslie L. "Early Medical Heroes: Susan Smith
McKinney-Steward, M.D., 1847-1918." Crisis, vol. 87, no. 1, Jan.
1980, pp. 21-23. (J, 326.8, qC93).
Baker, Henry E. "The Negro in the Field of Invention." Journal of
Negro History, vol. 2, no. 1, Jan. 1917, pp. 21-36. (J, 325.26, J86).
Beardsley, E. H. "Making Separate, Equal: Black Physicians and the
Problems of Medical Segregation in the Pre-World War II
South." Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 57, no. 3, 1983,
pp. 382-396. (J/FM, 610.9, B936).
Christopher, Michael C. "Granville T. Woods; The Plight of a Black
Inventor." Journal of Black Studies, vol. 11, no. 3, Mar. 1981, pp.
269-276. (J/FM, 310.45196, J862).
Congressional Record. 53d Cong., 2d sess., vol. 26, pt. 8, Aug. 10, 1894,
pp. 8382-8384. (J, 328.73, qU49cr).
Contains "A Partial List of Patents Granted by the United
States for Inventions by Afro-Americans," appended to
the record by Congressman Murray of South Carolina.
Drew, Charles Richard. "Negro Scholars in Scientific Research." Journal
of Negro History, vol. 35, no. 2, Apr. 1950, pp. 135-149. (J,
325.26, J86).
Address delivered by Dr. Drew before the Annual
Meeting of the Association for the Study of Negro Life
and History in New York City on October 30, 1949.
Gray, Garry. "H. C. Haynes, Barber and Inventor." Negro History
Bulletin, vol. 40, no. 5, Sept.-Oct. 1977, pp. 751-752. (J,
325.2670973, qN393).
Ives, Patricia Carter. "Patent and Trademark Innovations of Black
Americans and Women." Journal of the Patent Office Society, vol.
62, no. 2, Feb. 1980, pp. 108-126. (LAW/PER).
Contains appendices with lists of patents awarded to
blacks and women. Names many African-American
patentees, especially in the 60s and 70s, not included in
this bibliography.
Jenkins, Edward S. "Impact of Social Conditions; A Study of the Works
of American Black Scientists and Inventors." Journal of Black
Studies, vol. 14, no. 4, June 1984, pp. 477-491. (J/FM, 310.45196,
J862).
Link, Eugene P. "Civil Rights Activities of Three Great Negro
Physicians (1840-1940)." Journal of Negro History, vol. 52, no. 3,
July 1967, pp. 169-184. (J, 325.26, J86).
Odom, Retha. "Pioneers in Technology." Black Enterprise, vol. 11, no.
11, June 1981, pp. 182-188. (J, 338.04, qB627, 79-55791).
Plummer, Betty. "Document: Letters of James Durham to Benjamin
Rush." Journal of Negro History, vol. 65, no. 3, Summer 1980, pp.
261-269. (J, 325.26, J86).
James Durham, b. 1762, was one of the first black men to
practice medicine in America.
Savitt, Todd L. "Lincoln University Medical Department: A Forgotten
19th Century Black Medical School." Journal of the History of
Medicine and Allied Sciences, vol. 40, no.1, 1985, pp. 42-65.
(J/FM, 610.905,J864).
_____. "Entering a White Profession: Black Physicians in the New
South, 1880-1920." Bulletin of the History of Medicine, vol. 61, no.
4, Winter 1987, pp. 507-540. (J, 610.9, B936).
Scottron, Samuel. "Manufacturing Household Articles." Colored
American Magazine, vol. 7, no. 10, Oct. 1904, pp. 620-623.
Microfiche reprint of title in series: The Black Experience in
America; Negro Periodicals in the United States, 1840-1960. New
York: Negro Universities Press, 1969. (MB/FF, 051, C719).
Scottron had several patents, some of which are listed in
the "U.S. Patents" section of this bibliography.
"Seminar Series Honors Blacks in Science and Technology." Science,
vol. 216, Apr. 2, 1982, pp. 43-44. (J/FM, 505,S411).
Seraile, William. "Susan McKinney Steward: New York State's First
African-American Woman Physician." Afro-Americans in New
York Life and History, vol. 9, no. 2, July 1985, pp. 27-44. (R,
9974.700496, A258, 82-55238).
Wynes, Charles E. "Dr. James Durham, Black Physician." Pennsylvania
Magazine of History and Biography, vol. 103, no. 3, July 1979, pp.
325-333. (J, 974.8, P412).
Yancy, Dorothy Cowser. "Four Black Inventors with Patents." Negro
History Bulletin, vol. 39, no. 4, Apr. 1976, pp. 574-576. (J,
325.2670973, qN393).
Young, Herman A. and Barbara H. Young. "Science and Black
Studies." Journal of Negro Education, vol. 46. no. 4, 1977, pp.
380-387. (J/FM, 371.974, J86).
Contains "Micro-Roster of Black Scientists and
Inventors."
SPECIAL MATERIALS
Akinsheye, Dexter. African-American Inventors Series. Silver Spring,
MD: Three Dimensional Publishing, 1989.
A collection of 39 study prints which includes patent
diagrams, photographs and histories of some
African-American inventors.
U.S. PATENTS
Abrams, William B. Hame Attachment [part for a draft horse's collar],
U.S. Patent 450,550, Apr. 14, 1891.
Alexander, Winser Edward. System for Enhancing Fine Detail in
Thermal Photographs, U.S. Patent 3,541,333, Nov. 17, 1970.
Ammons, Virgie M. Fireplace Damper Actuating Tool, U.S. Patent
3,908,633, Sept. 30, 1975.
Ashbourne, Alexander P. Processes for Preparing Cocoanut for
Domestic Use, U.S. Patent 163,962, June 1, 1875; Biscuit
Cutters, U.S. Patent 170,460, Nov. 30, 1875; Refining Cocoanut
Oil, U.S. Patent 230,518, July 27, 1880.
Baker, David. Railway Signal Apparatus, U.S. Patent 1,054,267, Feb.
25, 1913; Signal Apparatus, U.S. Patent 1,154,162, Sept. 21, 1915.
Battle, James. Variable Resistance Resistor Assembly, U.S. Patent
3,691,503, Sept.12, 1972.
Bayless, Robert Gordon. Many patents in field of microencapsulation,
including: Solid Globules Containing Dispersed Materials, U.S.
Patent 3,922,373, Nov. 25, 1975; Process of Feeding Larval
Marine Animals, U.S. Patent 4,073,946, Feb. 14, 1978; Method
of Producing Microcapsules and Resulting Product, U.S. Patent
4,107,071, Aug. 15, 1978.
Beard, Andrew Jackson. Rotary Engine, U.S. Patent 478,271, July 5,
1892; Car Coupling ("Jenny Coupler" which reportedly saved the
lives of hundreds of trainmen), U.S. Patent 594,059, Nov. 23, 1897.
Belcher, Paul Eugene. Remote AC Power Control with Control Pulses
at the Zero Crossing of the AC Wave, U.S. Patent 4,328,482,
May 4, 1982.
Bell, Landrow. Smoke Stack for Locomotives, U.S. Patent 115,153,
May 23, 1871; Dough Kneader, U.S. Patent 133,823, Dec. 10, 1872.
Benjamin, Lyde W. Broom Moistener and Bridles, U.S. Patent 497,747,
May 16, 1893.
Benjamin, Miriam E. Gong and Signal Chairs for Hotels, etc., U.S.
Patent 386,289, July 17, 1888. Adapted for use by the U.S.
House of Representatives.
Benton, James W. Lever-derrick, U.S. Patent 658,939, Oct. 2, 1900.
According to Henry Baker, Benton walked from Kentucky to
Washington carrying his device in order to get his patent.
Bishop, Alfred A. Nuclear Reactor with Self-Orificing Radial Blanket,
U.S. Patent 4,077,835, Mar. 7, 1978.
Blackburn, Albert B. Railway Signal, U.S. Patent 376,362, Jan. 10, 1888;
Spring Seat for Chairs, U.S. Patent 380,420, Apr. 3, 1888; Cash
Carrier; U.S. Patent 391,577, Oct. 23, 1888.
Blair, Henry. Designated "colored man" in Patent Office records. Corn
Planter, Oct. 14, 1834; Cotton Planter, Aug. 31, 1836. Patents
unnumbered during this period.
Blanton, John W. Hydromechanical Rate Damped Servo System, U.S.
Patent 3,101,650, Aug. 27, 1963.
Boone, Sarah. Ironing Board, U.S. Patent 473,653, Apr. 26, 1892.
Bowman, Henry A. Making Flags, U.S. Patent 469,395, Feb. 23, 1892.
Boykin, Otis F. Many patents for electronic devices, including Electrical
Resistance Element and Method of Making Same, U.S. Patent
3,1911,108, June 22, 1965; Thin Film Capacitor, U.S. Patent
3,394,290, July 23, 1968; Electrical Resistor and Method of
Making Same, U.S. Patent 4,561,996, Dec. 31, 1985.
Bradberry, Henrietta. Bed Rack, U.S. Patent 2,320,027, May 25, 1943;
Torpedo Discharge Means, U.S. Patent 2,390,688, Dec. 11, 1945.
Brooks, Charles B. Punch, U.S. Patent 507,672, Oct. 31, 1893; Street
Sweepers, U.S. Patent 556,711, Mar. 17, 1896; Dust-Proof Bag
for Street Sweepers, U.S. Patent 560,154, May 12, 1896.
Brooks, Robert Roosevelt. Line Blanking Apparatus for Color Bar
Generating Equipment, U.S. Patent 3,334,178, Aug. 1, 1967;
Preset Sensitivity and Amplification Control System, U.S. Patent
3,518,371, June 30, 1970; Vertical and Horizontal Aperture
Equalization, U.S. Patent 3,546,372, Dec. 8, 1970.
Brown, Marie Van Brittan. Home Security System Utilizing Television
Surveillance, U.S. Patent 3,482,037, Dec. 2, 1969.
Burkins, Eugene. Breech-Loading Cannon, U.S. Patent 649,433,
May 15, 1900.
Burnham, Gerald Owens. Direction Coded Digital Stroke Generator
Providing A Plurality of Symbols, U.S. Patent 3,938,130, Feb. 10, 1976.
Burr, John A. Lawn Mower, U.S. Patent 624,749, May 9, 1899.
Burr, William F. Switching Device for Railways, U.S. Patent
636,197, Oct. 31, 1899.
Butler, Francis Edward. Audible Underwater Signal, U.S. Patent
2,803,807, Aug. 20, 1957; Drill Mine, U.S. Patent 2,912,929, Nov.
17, 1959; Watertight Electrical Connector, U.S. Patent 2,991,441,
July 4, 1961.
Butler, Richard A. Train Alarm, U.S. Patent 584,540, June 15, 1897.
Byrd, Turner, Jr. Holder for Reins for Harness, U.S. Patent 123,328,
Feb. 6, 1872; Apparatus for Detaching Horses from Carriages,
U.S. Patent 124,790, Mar. 19, 1872; Neck Yokes for Wagons,
U.S. Patent 126,181, Apr. 30, 1872.
Campbell, William S. Self-Setting Animal Trap, U.S. Patent 246,369,
Aug. 30, 1881.
Carruthers, George R. Image Converter for Detecting Electro-Magnetic
Radiation Especially in Short Wave Lengths, U.S. Patent
3,478,216, Nov. 11, 1969. Dr. Carruthers designed the ultraviolet
camera/spectrograph which was adapted for use on the lunar
surface and placed there by the Apollo 16 astronauts.
Carter, William C. Umbrella Stand, U.S. Patent 323,397, Aug. 4, 1885.
Carver, George Washington. Carver refused to patent a vast majority of
the hundreds of products he developed while at Tuskegee
Institute. Patent Office records show the following: Cosmetic and
Producing the Same, U.S. Patent 1,522,176, Jan. 6, 1925; Paint
and Stain and Producing the Same, U.S. Patent 1,541,478,
June 9, 1925; Producing Paints and Stains, U.S. Patent 1,632,365,
June 14, 1927.
Certain, Jerry M. Parcel Carrier for Bicycles, U.S. Patent 639,708,
Dec. 26, 1899.
Chappelle, Emmett W. Numerous patents in photobiology, including
Light Detection Instrument, U.S. Patent 3,520,660, July 14, 1970;
Method of Detecting and Counting Bacteria, U.S. Patent
3,971,703, July 27, 1976; Rapid, Quantitative Determination of
Bacteria in Water, U.S. Patent 4,385,113, May 24, 1983.
Cherry, Matthew A. Velocipede, U.S. Patent 382,351, May 8, 1888;
Street Car Fender, U.S. Patent 531,908, Jan. 1, 1895.
Christian, John B. Many patents in chemical engineering, including
Grease Composition for Use at High Temperatures and High
Speeds, U.S. Patent 3,518,189, June 30, 1970;
Fluorine-Containing Benzimidazoles, U.S. Patent 4,267,348, May
12, 1981; Perfluoroalkylether Substituted Phenyl Phosphines,
U.S. Patent 4,454,349, June 12, 1984.
Church, Titus S. Carpet Beating Machine, U.S. Patent 302,237, July 22, 1884.
Cook, George. Automatic Fishing Device, U.S. Patent 625,829, May 30, 1899.
Cooper, James. Elevator Device, U.S. Patent 536,605, Apr. 2, 1895;
Elevator Safety Device, U.S. Patent 590,257, Sept. 21, 1897.
Cooper, John Richard. Chemical patents include Two-Stage
Phosgenation Process for Preparing Aromatic Isocyanates, U.S.
Patent 3,234,253, Feb. 8, 1966; Process for Isolating a
Fluorine-Containing Polymer, U.S. Patent 3,536,683, Oct. 27,
1970; Separation of Distillable Isocyanates from their
Phosgenation Masses, U.S. Patent 3,694,323, Sept. 26, 1972.
Cooper, Jonas. Shutter and Fastening Therefor, U.S. Patent 276,563,
May 1, 1883.
Cotton, Donald J. Vertical Liquid Electrode Employed in Electrolytic
Cells, U.S. Patent 4,040,932, Aug. 9, 1977; Capillary Liquid Fuel
Nuclear Reactor, U.S. Patent 4,327,443, Apr. 27, 1982.
Cowans, Beatrice L. and Virginia E. Hall. Embroidered Fruit Bowl
Wall Hanging and Kit, U.S. Patent 4,016,314, Apr. 5, 1977.
Cralle, Alfred L. Ice-Cream Mold and Disher, U.S. Patent 576,395,
Feb. 2, 1897.
Creamer, Henry. Seven patents for steam trap devices, including Steam
Feed Water Trap, U.S. Patent 313,854, Mar. 17, 1885; Steam
Feed Water Traps, U.S. Patent 358,964, Mar. 8, 1887; Steam
Trap and Feeder, U.S. Patent 394,463, Dec. 11, 1888.
Crossley, Frank Alphonso. Patents in metallurgical engineering include
Titanium Base Alloy, U.S. Patent 2,798,807, July 9, 1957; Grain
Refinement of Beryllium with Tungsten Carbide and
Titanium Diboride, U.S. Patent 3,117,001, Jan. 7, 1964; Grain
Refinement of Titanium Alloys, U.S. Patent 4,420,460, Dec. 13,
1983.
Crosthwait, David Nelson Jr. Thirty-nine patents, authority on heat
transfer, ventilation and air conditioning; helped design Radio
City Music Hall heating system. Titles include Apparatus for
Returning Water to Boilers, U.S. Patent 1,353,457, Sept. 21,
1920; Method and Apparatus for Setting Thermostats, U.S.
Patent 1,661,323, Mar. 6, 1928; Differential Vacuum Pump, U.S.
Patent 1,755,430, Apr. 22, 1930.
Dacons, Joseph Carl. Numerous patents in organic chemistry, including
Process for the Manufacture of Nitroform and Its Salts, U.S.
Patent 3,125,606, Mar. 17, 1964; Dodecanitroquaterphenyl, U.S.
Patent 3,450,778, June 17, 1969; Recrystallization of
Hexanitrostilbene from Nitric Acid and Water, U.S. Patent
4,260,847, Apr. 7, 1981.
Davidson, Shelby J. Paper-Rewind Mechanism for Adding Machines,
U.S. Patent 884,721, Apr. 14, 1908.
Davis, William R., Jr. Library Table, U.S. Patent 208,378, Sept. 24,
1878; Game Table, U.S. Patent 362,611, May 10, 1887.
Deitz, William A. Shoe [method of constructing boots], U.S. Patent
64,205, Apr. 30, 1867.
Dent, Anthony L. Rehydrated Silica Gel Dentifrice Abrasive, U.S.
Patent 4,346,071, Aug. 24, 1982; Toothpaste Containing
pH-Adjusted Zeolite, U.S. Patent 4,349,533, Sept. 14, 1982.
Dickinson, Joseph Hunter. Many patents for player piano machinery,
including Adjustable Tracker for Pneumatic Playing
Attachments, U.S. Patent 915,942, Mar. 23, 1909;
Volume-Controlling Means for Mechanical Musical Instruments,
U.S. Patent 926,178, June 29, 1909; Player-Piano, U.S. Patent
1,028,996, June 11, 1912.
Diuguid, Lincoln Isaiah. Burning Efficiency Enhancement Method;
Alkynol Fuel Additive for Improved Automobile Mileage, U.S.
Patent 4,539,015, Sept. 3, 1985.
Dorman, Linneaus Cuthbert. Prolific inventor with many chemical
patents, including 3,5-Dihalo-4-Cyanoalkoxy Phenols, U.S. Patent
3,468,926, Sept. 23, 1969; Absorbents for Airborne
Formaldehyde, U.S. Patent 4,517,111, May 14, 1985; Composites
of Unsintered Calcium Phosphates and Synthetic Biodegradable
Polymers Useful as Hard Tissue Prosthetics, U.S. Patent
4,842,604, June 27, 1989.
Dorticus, Clatonia J. Device for Applying Coloring Liquids to Sides of
Soles or Heels of Shoes, U.S. Patent 535,820, Mar. 19, 1895;
Machine for Embossing Photographs, U.S. Patent 537, 442, Apr.
16, 1895; Photographic Print Wash, U.S. Patent 537,968, Apr. 23, 1895.
Douglass, William. Several patents in harvesting equipment, including
Self-Binding Harvester, U.S. Patent 789,010, May 2, 1905;
Band-Twister, U.S. Patent 789,120, May 2, 1905; Carrier Chain,
U.S. Patent 789,122, May 2, 1905.
Doyle, James. Automatic Serving System, U.S. Patent 1,019,137, Mar. 5, 1912.
Dugger, Cortland Otis. Inventor of "Duggerite" (barium magnesium
aluminate). Patents include Method for Growing Single Oxide
Crystals, U.S. Patent 3,595,803, July 27, 1971; Solid-State Laser
Produced by a Chemical Reaction Between a Germanate and an
Oxide Dopant, U.S. Patent 3,624,547, Nov. 30, 1971; Aluminum
Nitride Single Crystal Growth from a Molten Mixture with
Calcium Nitride, U.S. Patent 3,933,573, Jan. 20, 1976.
Dunnington, James H. Horse Detacher, U.S. Patent 578,979, Mar. 16, 1897.
Elder, Clarence L. Timing Device, U.S. Patent 3,165,188, Jan. 12, 1965;
Non-Capsizable Container, U.S. Patent 3,367,525, Feb. 6, 1968;
Bidirectional Monitoring and Control System, U.S. Patent
4,000,400, Dec. 28, 1976.
Elkins, Thomas. Dining and Ironing Table and Quilting Frame, U.S.
Patent 100,020, Feb. 22, 1870; Chamber Commode, U.S. Patent
122,518, Jan. 9, 1872; Refrigerating Apparatus, U.S. Patent
221,222, Nov. 4, 1879.
Ferrell, Frank J. Eight patents for improvements in valves for steam
engines, beginning with Valve, U.S. Patent 428,621, May 27, 1890.
Fisher, David A., Jr. Joiner's Clamp, U.S. Patent 162,281, Apr. 20,
1875; Furniture Caster, U.S. Patent 174,794, Mar. 14, 1876.
Flemmings, Robert F., Jr. Guitar, U.S. Patent 338,727, Mar. 3, 1886.
Frye, Clara. Surgical Appliance, U.S. Patent 847,758, Mar. 19, 1907.
Gant, Virgil Arnett. Method of Treating Hair, U.S. Patent 2,643,375,
June 23, 1953; Hair Treating Composition and Method of Use
for Setting, U.S. Patent 2,750,947, Sept. 4, 1956; Ammonium
Polysiloxanolate Hair Treating Composition and Method for
Using Same, U.S. Patent 2,787,272, Apr. 2, 1957.
Gaskin, Frances C. Sun Protectant Composition and Method, U.S.
Patent 4,806,344, Feb. 21, 1989.
Gay, Eddie Charles. Cathode for a Secondary Electrochemical Cell,
U.S. Patent 3,907,589, Sept. 23, 1975; Method of Preparing
Electrodes with Porous Current Collector Structures and Solid
Reactants for Secondary Electrochemical Cells, U.S. Patent
3,933,520, Jan. 20, 1976; Compartmented Electrode Structure,
U.S. Patent 4,029,860, June 14, 1977.
Goode, Sarah E. Folding Cabinet Bed, U.S. Patent 322,177, July 14, 1885.
Gourdine, Meredith C. Over 23 U.S. patents for electrogasdynamic
devices. These include such titles as Electrogasdynamic Systems
and Methods, U.S. Patent 3,582,694, June 1, 1971;
Electrogasdynamic Coating System, U.S. Patent 4,574,092, Mar.
4, 1986; Method for Airport Fog Precipitation, U.S. Patent
4,671,805, June 9, 1987.
Grant, George F. Golf-Tee, U.S. Patent 638,920, Dec. 12, 1899.
Green, Harry James, Jr. Method of Making a Striated Support for
Filaments, U.S. Patent 3,548,045, Dec. 15, 1970; Substrate for
Mounting Filaments in Close-Spaced Parallel Array, U.S. Patent
3,584,130, June 8, 1971; Method for Sealing Microelectronic
Device Packages, U.S. Patent 3,648,357, Mar. 14, 1972.
Greene, Frank S., Jr. Use of Faulty Storage Circuits by Position
Coding, U.S. Patent 3,654,610, Apr. 4, 1972.
Grenon, Henry. Razor Stropping Device, U.S. Patent 554,867, Feb. 18, 1896.
Griffin, Bessie V. Portable Receptacle Support, U.S. Patent 2,550,554,
Apr. 24, 1951.
Hall, Lloyd Augustus. More than one hundred patents worldwide in
food chemistry. Discovered curing salts for meat-packing.
Patents include Synergistic Antioxidants and the Methods of
Preparing Same, U.S. Patent 2,493,288, Jan. 3, 1950;
Meat-curing Salt Composition, U.S. Patent 2,770,551, Nov. 13,
1956; Method of Preserving Fresh Frozen Pork Trimmings, U.S.
Patent 2,845,358, July 29, 1958.
Hammond, Julia T. Apparatus for Holding Yarn Skeins, U.S. Patent
572,985, Dec. 15, 1896.
Harrison, Emmett Scott. Gas Turbine Air Compressor and Control
Therefor, U.S. Patent 3,606,971, Sept. 21, 1971; Turbojet
Afterburner Engine with Two-Position Exhaust Nozzle, U.S.
Patent 4,242,865, Jan. 6, 1981.
Hawkins, Walter Lincoln. Numerous chemical patents, including
Preparation of 1,2,Di-Primary Amines, U.S. Patent 2,587,043,
Feb. 26, 1952; Stabilized Straight-Chain Hydrocarbons, U.S.
Patent 2,889,306, June 2, 1959; Stabilized Alpha-Mono-Olefinic
Polymers, U.S. Patent 3,304,283, Feb. 14, 1967.
Hearns, Robert. Sealing Attachment for Bottles, U.S. Patent 598,929,
Feb. 15, 1898; Detachable Car Fender, U.S. Patent 628,003,
July 4, 1899. [In Baker list as "Hearness"].
Henderson, Henry Fairfax, Jr. Weight Loss Control System, U.S. Patent
4,111,336, Sept. 5, 1978.
Hill, Henry Aaron. Patents include Manufacture of Azodicarbonamide,
U.S. Patent 2,988,545, June 13, 1961; Foamable Composition
Comprising a Thermoplastic Polymer and Barium Azocarbonate
and Method of Foaming, U.S. Patent 3,141,002, July 14, 1964;
Curing Furfuryl-Alcohol-Modified Urea Formaldehyde
Condensates, U.S. Patent 3,297,611, Jan. 10, 1967.
Hilyer, Andrew F. Water Evaporator Attachment for Hot Air
Registers, U.S. Patent 435,095, Aug. 26, 1890; Evaporator for
Hot Air Registers, U.S. Patent 438,159, Oct. 14, 1890.
Hodge, John E. Numerous patents in the area of food technology,
including Novel Reductones and Methods of Making Them, U.S.
Patent 2,936,308, May 10, 1960; Glucose-Amine Sequestrants,
U.S. Patent 2,996,449, Aug. 15, 1961; Substituted Benzodioxan
Sweetening Compound, U.S. Patent 4,146,650, Mar. 27, 1979.
Holmes, Lydia M. Knockdown Wheeled Toy, U.S. Patent 2,529,692,
Nov. 14, 1950.
Howard, Darnley Moseley. Method of Making Radome with an Integral
Antenna, U.S. Patent 3,451,127, June 24, 1969.
Hunter, John W. Portable Weighing Scale, U.S. Patent 570,553, Nov. 3, 1896.
Hyde, Robert N. Composition for Cleaning and Preserving Carpets,
U.S. Patent 392,205, Nov. 6, 1888.
Jackson, Benjamin F. Heating Apparatus, U.S. Patent 599,985, Mar. 1,
1898; Matrix Drying Apparatus, U.S. Patent 603,879, May 10,
1898; Gas Burner, U.S. Patent 622,482, Apr. 4, 1899.
Jackson, William H. Railway Switch, U.S. Patent 578,641, Mar. 9, 1897;
Automatic Locking Switch, U.S. Patent 609,436, Aug. 23, 1898.
Johnson, Andrew R. Precision Digital Delay Circuit, U.S. Patent
3,376,436, Apr. 2, 1968.
Johnson, Daniel. Rotary Dining Table, U.S. Patent 396,089, Jan. 15,
1889; Lawn Mower Attachment, U.S. Patent 410,836, Sept. 10,
1889; Grass Receivers for Lawn Mowers, U.S. Patent 429,629,
June 10, 1890.
Johnson, John ("Jack") Arthur. A little-known footnote to the career of
the world's first black heavyweight champion, subject of Sackler's
play, The Great White Hope; two patents applied for while he
was a prisoner at Leavenworth: Wrench, U.S. Patent 1,413,121,
Apr. 18, 1922, and Theft-Preventing Device for Vehicles, U.S.
Patent 1,438,709, Dec. 12, 1922.
Johnson, Powell. Eye Protector, U.S. Patent 234,039, Nov. 2, 1880.
Johnson, Willie H. Mechanism for Overcoming Dead Centers, U.S.
Patent 554,223, Feb. 4, 1896 and U.S. Patent 612,345, Oct. 11, 1898.
Johnson, Willis. Eggbeater, U.S. Patent 292,821, Feb. 5, 1884.
Jones, Frederick McKinley. Over 60 patents, including
Ticket-dispensing Machine, U.S. Patent 2,163,754, June 27, 1939;
Air Conditioning Unit, U.S. Patent 2,475,841, July 12, 1949;
Starter Generator, U.S. Patent 2,475,842, July 12, 1949.
McKinley's inventions made it possible to refrigerate trucks for
long-distance travel.
Jones, Howard St. Claire, Jr. Many patents in the area of microwave
and other types of antennas, including Electronically Scanned
Microwave Antennas, U.S. Patent 3,268,901, Aug. 23, 1966;
Dielectric-Loaded Antenna with Matching Window, U.S. Patent
3,518,683, June 30, 1970; Multifrequency Series-Fed Edge Slot
Antenna, U.S. Patent 4,305,078, Dec. 8, 1981.
Jones, John Leslie. Numerous patents, including Preparation of
Substituted Phenols, U.S. Patent 2,497,503, Feb. 14, 1950;
Personnel Restraint System for Vehicular Occupants, U.S.
Patent 3,690,695, Sept. 12, 1972; Smokeless Slow Burning Cast
Propellant, U.S. Patent 4,112,849, Sept. 12, 1978.
Joyce, James A. Coal or Ore Bucket, U.S. Patent 603,143, Apr. 26, 1898.
Julian, Percy Lavon. Prolific researcher in organic chemistry and
synthesizer of the drugs physostigmine and cortisone; holder of
over 100 patents worldwide. Named to National Inventors Hall
of Fame in 1990. Titles include Preparation of Cortisone, U.S.
Patent 2,752,339, June 26, 1956;
16-Aminomethyl-17-Alkyltestosterone Derivatives, U.S. Patent
3,149,132, Sept. 15, 1964; Method for Preparing
16(Alpha)-Hydroxypregnenes and Intermediates Obtained
Therein, U.S. Patent 3,274,178, Sept. 20, 1966.
Kenner, Mary Beatrice. Carrier Attachment for Invalid Walkers, U.S.
Patent 3,957,071, May 18, 1976; Bathroom Tissue Holder, U.S.
Patent 4,354,643, Oct. 19, 1982; Shower Wall and Bathtub
Mounted Back Washer, U.S. Patent 4,696,068, Sept. 29, 1987.
Knox, Lawrence Howland. Production of Arecoline, U.S. Patent
2,506,458, May 2, 1950; Photochemical Preparation of
Tropilidenes, U.S. Patent 2,647,081, July 28, 1953.
Knox, William J., Jr. At least 25 patents related to photography
between 1950 and 1970, including Coating Aids for Gelatin
Compositions, U.S. Patent 3,038,804, June 2, 1962; Gelatin
Coating Compositions, U.S. Patent 3,306,749, Feb. 28, 1967;
Coating Aids for Hydrophilic Colloid Layers of Photographic
Elements, U.S. Patent 3,539,352, Nov. 10, 1970.
Latimer, Lewis Howard. One of the "Edison Pioneers" with patents in
electricity, Latimer was creative in other fields as well. Patents
include Manufacturing Carbons, U.S. Patent 252,386, Jan. 17,
1882; Apparatus for Cooling and Disinfecting, U.S. Patent
334,078, Jan. 12, 1886; Locking Racks for Hats, Coats,
Umbrellas, etc., U.S. Patent 557,076, Mar. 24, 1896. See "Books"
section for Latimer's publication on the Edison system.
Lavalette, William A. Printing Press, U.S. Patent 208,184, Sept. 17, 1878.
Lee, Joseph. Kneading Machine, U.S. Patent 524,042, Aug. 7, 1894;
Bread Crumbing Machine, U.S. Patent 540,553, June 4, 1895.
LeVert, Francis Edward. Numerous patents in physics, including
Threshold Self-Powered Gamma Detector for Use as a Monitor
of Power in a Nuclear Reactor, U.S. Patent 4,091,288, May 23,
1978; Monitor for Deposition on Heat Transfer Surfaces, U.S.
Patent 4,722,610, Feb. 2, 1988; Continuous Level Fluid Detector,
U.S. Patent 4,805,454, Feb. 21, 1989.
Lewis, Edward R. Spring Gun, U.S. Patent 362,096, May 3, 1887.
Lewis, James Earl. Antenna Feed for Two Coordinate Tracking
Radars, U.S. Patent 3,388,399, June 11, 1968.
Linden, Henry. Piano Truck, U.S. Patent 459,365, Sept. 8, 1891.
Loudin, Frederick J. Sash Fastener, U.S. Patent 510,432, Dec. 12, 1893;
Key Fastener, U.S. Patent 512,308, Jan. 9, 1894.
Love, John L. Plasterer's Hawk, U.S. Patent 542,419, July 9, 1895;
Pencil Sharpener, U.S. Patent 594,114, Nov. 23, 1897.
Lu Valle, James E. Photographic Processes, U.S. Patent 3,219,445, Nov.
23, 1965; Photographic Medium and Methods of Preparing
Same, U.S. Patent 3,219,448, Nov. 23, 1965; Sensitizing
Photographic Media, U.S. Patent 3,219,451, Nov. 23, 1965.
Madison, Shannon L. Refrigerating Apparatus, U.S. Patent 3,208,232,
Sept. 28, 1965; Electrical Wiring Harness Termination System,
U.S. Patent 4,793,820, Dec. 27, 1988.
Maloney, Kenneth Morgan. Alumina Coatings for an Electric Lamp,
U.S. Patent 3,868,266, Feb. 25, 1975; Alumina Coatings for
Mercury Vapor Lamps, U.S. Patent 4,079,288, Mar. 14, 1978.
Martin, Thomas J. Fire Extinguisher, U.S. Patent 125,063, Mar. 26,
1872. [In Baker list as "Marshall."]
Matzeliger, Jan Earnst. Credited with revolutionizing the American
shoe industry with his shoe-lasting machine. Patents include
Nailing Machine, U.S. Patent 421,954, Feb. 25, 1890; Tack
Separating and Distributing Mechanism, U.S. Patent 423,937,
Mar. 25, 1890; Lasting Machine, U.S. Patent 459,899, Sept. 22, 1891.
McCoy, Elijah. Twenty-eight patents for various inventions through
1900, and many thereafter, most in the field of automatic
lubrication. The term for the genuine article, "The Real McCoy",
is associated with his work. Titles include Lubricator for Steam
Engines, U.S. Patent 129,843, July 23, 1872; Steam Cylinder
Lubricator, U.S. Patent 173,032, Feb. 1, 1876; Lawn Sprinkler
Design, U.S. Patent 631,549, Sept. 26, 1899.
McCree, Daniel. Portable Fire Escape, U.S. Patent 440,322, Nov. 11, 1890.
Miles, Alexander. Elevator, U.S. Patent 371,207, Oct. 11, 1887.
Millington, James E. Thermostable Dielectric Material, U.S. Patent
3,316,178, Apr. 25, 1967; Method of Making Expandable
Styrene-Type Beads, U.S. Patent 4,286,069, Aug. 25, 1981;
Method of Making Styrene-Type Polymer, U.S. Patent 4,730,027,
Mar. 8, 1988.
Morgan, Garrett Augustus. Breathing Device, U.S. Patent 1,113,675,
Mar. 24, 1914; Three-Way Traffic Signal, U.S. Patent 1,475,024,
Nov. 20, 1923. Morgan used his gas mask in 1916 during the
heroic rescue of workers trapped in a tunnel disaster.
Morris, Joel Morton. Switching System Charging Arrangement, U.S.
Patent 3,688,047, Aug. 29, 1972.
Murray, George W. Congressman from South Carolina (see entry for
Congressional Record in "Selected Periodical Articles"). Eight
patents for agricultural implements in 1894, including Combined
Furrow Opener and Stalk Knocker, U.S. Patent 517,960, Apr.
10, 1894; Reaper, U.S. Patent 520,892, June 5, 1894; Cotton
Chopper, U.S. Patent 520,888, June 5, 1894.
Nash, Henry H. Life Preserving Stool, U.S. Patent 168,519, Oct. 5, 1875.
Neblett, Richard Flemon. Several chemical patents, including Gasoline
Composition, U.S. Patent 2,955,928, Oct. 11, 1960; Motor Fuel
Composition, U.S. Patent 3,054,666, Sept. 18, 1962; Oil-Soluble
Ashless Dispersant-Detergent-Inhibitors, U.S. Patent 3,511,780,
May 12, 1970.
Newman, Lyda D. Brush, U.S. Patent 614,335, Nov. 15, 1898.
Nickerson, William J. Piano Attachment, U.S. Patent 627,739, June 27, 1899.
Outlaw, John W. Horseshoe, U.S. Patent 614,273, Nov. 15, 1898.
Parker, Alice H. Heating Furnace, U.S. Patent 1,325,905, Dec. 23, 1919.
Parsons, James A., Jr. Numerous patents in metallurgy, including Iron
Alloy, U.S. Patent 1,728,360, Sept. 17, 1929; Making Silicon Iron
Compounds, U.S. Patent 1,819,479, Aug. 18, 1931;
Corrosion-Resisting Ferrous Alloy, U.S. Patent 2,200,208, May 7, 1940.
Perryman, Frank R. Caterer's Tray Table, U.S. Patent 468,038, Feb. 2, 1892.
Peterson, Henry. Attachment for Lawn Mowers, U.S. Patent 402,189,
Apr. 30, 1889.
Phelps, William H. Apparatus for Washing Vehicles, U.S. Patent
579,242, Mar. 23, 1897.
Pickering, John F. Air Ship, U.S. Patent 643,975, Feb. 20, 1900.
Pope, Jessie T. Croquignole Iron, U.S. Patent 2,409,791, Oct. 22, 1946.
Patented with the aid of Eleanor Roosevelt, according to
Autumn Stanley (see under "Books").
Porter, James Hall. Gas Well Sulfur Removal by Diffusion Through
Polymeric Membranes, U.S. Patent 3,534,528, Oct. 20, 1970.
Prince, Frank Rodger. Production of 2-Pyrrolidones, U.S. Patent
3,637,743, Jan. 25, 1972.
Pugsley, Samuel. Gate Latch, U.S. Patent 357,787, Feb. 15, 1887.
Purvis, William B. Sixteen patents 1882-1897, ten for paper bag
machines, as in U.S. Patent 293,353, Feb. 12, 1884; also
Magnetic Car Balancing Device, U.S. Patent 539,542, May 21,
1895; Electric Railway System, U.S. Patent 588,176, Aug. 17, 1897.
Ransom, Victor Llewellyn. Traffic Data Processing System, U.S. Patent
3,231,866, Jan. 25, 1966; Method and Apparatus for Gathering
Peak Load Traffic Data, U.S. Patent 3,866,185, Feb. 11, 1975.
Reynolds, Humphrey H. Window Ventilator for Railroad Cars, U.S.
Patent 275,271, Apr. 3, 1883; Safety Gate for Bridges, U.S.
Patent 437,937, Oct. 7, 1890.
Reynolds, Robert R. Non-Refillable Bottle, U.S. Patent 624,092, May 2, 1899.
Rhodes, Jerome B. Water Closet, U.S. Patent 639,290, Dec. 19, 1899.
Richardson, Albert C. Several patents, including Hame Fastener, U.S.
Patent 255,022, Mar. 14, 1882; Casket Lowering Device, U.S.
Patent 529,311, Nov. 13, 1894; Insect Destroyer, U.S. Patent
620,362, Feb. 28, 1899.
Richardson, William H. Cotton Chopper, U.S. Patent 343,140, June 1,
1886; Child's Carriage, U.S. Patent 405,599, June 18, 1889; also
U.S. Patent 405,600, same title and date.
Richey, Charles V. Several patents in different areas of invention,
including Fire Escape Bracket, U.S. Patent 596,427, Dec. 28,
1897; Combined Hammock and Stretcher, U.S. Patent 615,907,
Dec. 13, 1898; Telephone Register and Lock-Out Device, U.S.
Patent 1,063,599, June 3, 1913.
Rillieux, Norbert. Rillieux's inventions completely changed the sugar
industry. Sugar Works, U.S. Patent 3,237, Aug. 26, 1843; Sugar
Making, Improvement in, U.S. Patent 4,879, Dec. 10, 1846.
Roberts, Louis W. Gaseous Discharge Device, U.S. Patent 3,072,865,
Jan. 8, 1963; GASAR (Device for Gas Amplification by
Stimulated Emission and Radiation), U.S. Patent 3,257,620, June
21, 1966; Gallium-Wetted Movable Electrode Switch, U.S.
Patent 3,377,576, Apr. 9, 1968.
Robinson, Elbert R. Electric Railway Trolley, U.S. Patent 505,370,
Sept. 19, 1893; Casting Composite or Other Wheels, U.S. Patent
594,286, Nov. 23, 1897.
Rose, Raymond E. Control Apparatus [Aerodynamic], U.S. Patent
3,618,388, Nov. 9, 1971.
Russell, Edwin Roberts. Eleven patents on atomic energy processes,
including The Separation of Plutonium from Uranium and
Fission Products, U.S. Patent 2,855,269, Oct. 7, 1958; Ion
Exchange Adsorption Process for Plutonium Separation, U.S.
Patent 2,992,249, July 11, 1961; Thorium-Oxide or
Thorium-Uranium Oxide with Magnesium Oxide, U.S. Patent
3,309,323, Mar. 14, 1967.
Ryder, Earl. High Silicon Cast Iron, U.S. Patent 3,129,095, Apr. 14, 1964.
Sampson, George T. Sled Propeller, U.S. Patent 312,388, Feb. 17, 1885;
Clothes Drier, U.S. Patent 476,416, June 7, 1892.
Sampson, Henry Thomas. Binder System for Propellants and
Explosives, U.S. Patent 3,140,210, July 7, 1964; Case Bonding
System for Cast Composite Propellants, U.S. Patent 3,212,265,
Oct. 19, 1965; High Voltage Gamma Electric Cell, U.S. Patent
3,591,860, July 6, 1971.
Sams, Adolphus. Multiple Stage Rocket, U.S. Patent 3,199,455, Aug. 10,
1965; Emergency Release for Extraction Chute, U.S. Patent
3,257,089, June 21, 1966; Rocket Motor Fuel Feed, U.S. Patent
3,310,938, Mar. 28, 1967.
Scottron, Samuel R. Several patents, including Adjustable Window
Cornice, U.S. Patent 224,732, Feb. 17, 1880; Pole Tip, U.S.
Patent 349,525, Sept. 21, 1886; Curtain Rod, U.S. Patent
481,720, Aug. 30, 1892. See Scottron's article on "Manufacturing
Household Articles" in "Selected Periodical Articles" section of
this bibliography.
Shaw, Earl D. Free-Electron Amplifier Device with Electromagnetic
Radiation Delay Element, U.S. Patent 4,5299,942, July 16, 1985.
Silvera, Esteban. Ram-Valve Level Indicator, U.S. Patent 3,718,157,
Feb. 27, 1973.
Smartt, Brinay. Reversing-Valve, U.S. Patent 799,498, Sept. 12, 1905;
Valve Gear, U.S. Patent 935,169, Sept. 28, 1909; Wheel, U.S.
Patent 1,052,290, Feb. 4, 1913.
Smith, Mildred E. Family Relationships Card Game, U.S. Patent
4,230,321, Oct. 28, 1980.
Smoot, Lanny S. Numerous patents in communications technology,
including Optical Receiver Circuit with Active Equalizer, U.S.
Patent 4,565,974, Jan. 21, 1986; Teleconference Facility with
High Resolution Video Display [Bellcore's "Videowindow"], U.S.
patent 4,890,314, Dec. 26, 1989; Teleconferencing Terminal with
Camera Behind Display Screen, U.S. Patent 4,928,301, May 22, 1990.
Spikes, Richard B. Automatic Gear Shift, U.S. Patent 1,889,814, Dec. 6,
1932; Transmission and Shifting Means Therefor, U.S. Patent
1,936,996, Nov. 28, 1933; Automatic Safety Brake System, U.S.
Patent 3,015,522, Jan 2, 1962.
Stanard, John. Oil Stove, U.S. Patent 413,689, Oct. 29, 1889;
Refrigerator, U.S. Patent 455,891, July 14, 1891. [In Baker's list
as "Standard."]
Stewart, Albert Clifton. Redox Couple Radiation Cell, U.S. Patent
3,255,044, June 7, 1966; Electric Cell, U.S. Patent 3,255,045,
June 7, 1966.
Stewart, Marvin Charles. Arithmetic Unit for Digital Computers, U.S.
Patent 3,395,271, July 30, 1968; System for Interconnecting
Electrical Components, U.S. Patent 3,605,063, Sept. 14, 1971.
Stokes, Rufus. Exhaust Purifier, U.S. Patent 3,378,241, Apr. 16, 1968;
Air Pollution Control Device, U.S. Patent 3,520,113, July 14, 1970.
Taylor, Moddie Daniel. Preparation of Anhydrous Alkaline Earth
Halides, U.S. Patent 2,801,899, Aug. 6, 1957; Ion Exchange
Adsorption Process for Plutonium Separation, U.S. Patent
2,992,249, July 11, 1961; Preparation of Anhydrous Lithium
Salts, U.S. Patent 3,049,406, Aug. 14, 1962.
Turner, Madeline M. Fruit Press, U.S. Patent 1,180,959, Apr. 25, 1916.
Walker, M. Lucius, Jr. Laminar Fluid NOR Element, U.S. Patent
3,478,764, Nov. 18, 1969.
Weaver, Rufus J. Stairclimbing Wheelchair, U.S. Patent 3,411,598,
Nov. 19, 1968.
West, James Edward. Over 100 patents worldwide in acoustical physics.
Titles include Techniques for Fabrication of Foil Electret, U.S.
Patent 3,945,112, Mar. 23, 1976; Technique for Removing
Surface and Volume Charges from Thin High Polymer Films,
U.S. Patent 4,248,808, Feb. 3, 1981; Noise Reducing Processing
Arrangement for Microphone Arrays, U.S. Patent 4,802,227,
Jan. 31, 1989.
Woods, Granville T. Known as the "Black Edison," with more than 60
patents, including Telephone Transmitter, U.S. Patent 308,817,
Dec. 2, 1884; Electro-Motive Railway System, U.S. Patent
385,034, June 26, 1888; Amusement Apparatus, U.S. Patent
639,692, Dec. 19, 1899.
