January 1992

The University of the State of New York
The State Education Department
The New York State Library
Albany, New York 12230

THE UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK

Regents of The University

Martin C. Barell, Chancellor, B.A., I.A., LL.B.                Muttontown
R. Carlos Carballada, Vice Chancellor, B.S.                    Rochester
Willard A. Genrich, LL.B.                                      Buffalo
Emlyn I. Griffith, A.B., J.D                                   Rome
Jorge L. Batista, B.A., J.D.                                   Bronx
Laura Bradley Chodos, B.A., M.A.                               Vischer Ferry
Louise P. Matteoni, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.                          Bayside
J. Edward Meyer, B.A., LL.B.                                   Chappaqua
Floyd S. Linton, A.B., M.A., M.P.A.                            Miller Place
Mimi Levin Lieber, B.A., M.A.                                  Manhattan
Shirley C. Brown, B.A., M.A., Ph.D.                            Albany
Norma Gluck, B.A., M.S.W.                                      Manhattan
Adelaide L. Sanford, B.A., M.A., P.D.                          Hollis
Walter Cooper, B.A., Ph.D.                                     Rochester
Carl T. Hayden, A.B., J.D.                                     Elmira
Diane O'Neill McGivern, B.S.N., M.A., Ph.D.                    Staten Island

President of The University and Commissioner of Education
Thomas Sobol

Executive Deputy Commissioner of Education
Thomas E. Sheldon

Deputy Commissioner for Cultural Education
Carole F. Huxley

Assistant Commissioner for Libraries and State Librarian
Joseph F. Shubert

Director of the State Library
Jerome Yavarkovsky

Director, Division of Library Development
Roberta G. Cade

CONTENTS
Introduction  
BIBLIOGRAPHY         
BIOGRAPHY       
PRIMARY SOURCES           
STUDIES AND COMMENTARY                  
  General 
  Colonial Period Through the Civil War       
  Reconstruction to the Present    

INTRODUCTION

     In honor of Black History Month, the New York State Library is issuing
An African-American Bibliography: History. The bibliography lists selected
resources of the New York State Library that document and comment on the
experience of African Americans in the history of the United States. In
addition to primary sources and significant historical works, the bibliography
contains references to bibliographies and research aids.

     Although the bibliography covers the African-American experience from
the colonial period to the present, it emphasizes the post World War II period
and the civil rights movement that followed the Supreme Court's decision in
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. The bibliography includes the major
civil rights legislation of the past three decades, records the voices of
African-American activism and protest, and illustrates the impact
African-American voters and political candidates have had on the electoral
process.

     The bibliography also focuses on the work of African-American
historians and social scientists, including not only classic texts by John Hope
Franklin and Carter G. Woodson, the "Father of Black History," but also
works by William Junius Wilson and Shelby Steele that reflect current
African-American debate on social policy.

     While the biographies cited in the bibliography are primarily those of
African-American civil rights leaders and public officials, also cited are
works by or about selected writers, entertainers, and sports figures whose
lives have a social significance beyond their professional achievements.
Consequently, Frederick Douglass, Martin Luther King, Jr., Barbara Jordan,
Jesse Jackson, and Shirley Chisholm are profiled, but so are Paul Robeson,
Jesse Owens, Althea Gibson, Muhammad Ali, Langston Hughes, and Richard
Wright.

     The mission of the New York State Library is to provide reference,
information, and materials to support the work of New York State
government and to ensure that every resident of the State has convenient free
access to essential library services. To carry out this mission, the Library
serves as the principal library resource for State government and serves as a
coordinating and resource center for the statewide interlibrary loan network.
If you cannot obtain the works listed in this bibliography at your local
library, you may request them through interlibrary loan. Besides the
bibliographic information, each entry in this bibliography contains the New
York State Library call number in parenthesis. The use of this call number
helps expedite the interlibrary loan process.

     The bibliography was compiled by Melinda Yates, a reference librarian
on the staff of the New York State Library. The New York State Library
would like to acknowledge the generous financial assistance of the Division
of Intercultural Relations in the publication of this bibliography.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Abajian, James, comp. Blacks and Their Contributions to the American 
     West; a Bibliography and Union List of Library Holdings through 1970.
     Boston: G. K. Hall, 1974. (A, 016.9178069, A116, 76-8410).
Afro-American Life, History and Culture. Developed for USIS Programs by
     the Collections Development Branch, Library Programs Division, Office
     of Cultural Centers and Resources, Bureau of Educational and Cultural
     Affairs, United States Information Agency. Washington, DC: The
     Branch, 1985. (US, IA 1.27:Af 8).
Amistad Research Center. Author and Added Entry Catalog of the American
     Missionary Association Archives, with References to Schools and Mission
     Stations. 3 vols. Introduction by Clifton H. Johnson. Westport, CT:
     Greenwood Pub. Corp., 1970. (A, 016.266, qA517).
Ball, Wendy and Tony Martin. Rare Afro-Americana: a Reconstruction of the
     Adger Library. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1981. (C, 016.9730496, B187,
     81-31982).
Black Experience; a Bibliography of Books on Black Studies in the Academic
     Libraries of Brooklyn. Compiled by Lawrence Drowne et al. Brooklyn:
     Academic Libraries of Brooklyn, 1971. (R, 016.301451, qB627e).
Black History. New York: Copublished by the Institute for Research in
     History and the Haworth Press, 1983. (C, 973.0496 B627, 84-26762).
Black Immigration and Ethnicity in the United States: an Annotated
     Bibliography. Center for Afroamerican and African Studies, the
     University of Michigan. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985. (C,
     016.305896 B627, 85-29692).
Blockson, Charles L. A Commented Bibliography of One Hundred and One
     Influential Books by and about People of African Descent (1556-1982):
     a Collector's Choice. Amsterdam: A. Gerits, 1989. (A, 016.305896,
     qB651, 90-27721).
Brignano, Russell C. Black Americans in Autobiography: an Annotated
     Bibliography of Autobiographies and Autobiographical Books Written
     Since the Civil War. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1984. (C,
     016.9730496, B856, 84-37401).
California. State College, San Diego. Library. Afro-American Bibliography;
     List of the Books, Documents, and Periodicals on Black-American
     Culture Located in San Diego State College Library. Compiled by
     Andrew Szabo. San Diego: Library, San Diego State College, 1970. (R,
     016.9173, C15865).
Campbell, Georgetta Merritt. Extant Collections of Early Black Newspapers:
     a Research Guide to the Black Press, 1880-1915, with an Index to the
     Boston Guardian, 1902-1904. Troy, NY: Whitston Publishing Co.,
     1981. (R, 071.3016, C187, 81-23333).
The Chicago Afro-American Union Analytic Catalog: an Index to Materials
     on the Afro-American in the Principal Libraries of Chicago, Housed in
     the Vivian G. Harsh Collection of Afro-American History and Literature
     at the George Cleveland Hall Branch of the Chicago Public Library.
     Boston : G.H. Hall, 1972. (RC, 016.9730496, fC532, 77-22609).
Davis, Lenwood G., comp. Black-Jewish Relations in the United States,
     1752-1984: a Selected Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,
     1984. (C, 016.9730496, D262, 85-28799).
Davis, Lenwood G. and George Hill, comps. Blacks in the American Armed
     Forces, 1776-1983: a Bibliography. Forewords by Benjamin O. Davis,
     Jr. and Percy E. Johnston. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985. (C,
     016.3550089, D262, 86-22295).
Davis, Nathaniel, ed. and comp. Afro-American Reference: an Annotated
     Bibliography of Selected Resources. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press,
     1985. (C, 016.9730496, D263, 86-30138).
District of Columbia Historical Records Survey. Calendar of the Writings of
     Frederick Douglass in the Douglass Memorial Home, Anacostia, D.C.
     Washington, DC: District of Columbia Records Survey, 1940. (C, 012,
     qD737h).
Du Bois, W.E. Burghardt. Select Bibliography of the American Negro for
     General Readers. Atlanta University Publications. Atlanta: Atlanta
     University Press, 1901. 
Fisher, Mary L. Negro in America; a Bibliography. 2nd rev. and enl. ed.
     Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1970. (R, 016.301451, M647a).
Fisk University, Nashville. Library. Dictionary Catalog of the Negro
     Collection of the Fisk University Library, Nashville, Tennessee. 6 vols.
     Boston: G.K. Hall, 1974. (RC, 019.1, qF539, 76-219).
Fraser, Lynette. Bibliography of Publications Relative to Afro-American
     Studies. Museum of Anthropology, Miscellaneous Series, no. 10.
     Greeley, CO: Colorado State College, 1969. (C, 016.9173, qF841).
Gubert, Betty Kaplan, comp. Early Black Bibliographies, 1863-1918. New
     York: Garland Pub., 1982. (C, 016.9730496, E12, 83-30308).
______ and Richard Newman, comps. Nine Decades of Scholarship: a
     Bibliography of the Writings (1892-1983) of the Staff of the Schomburg
     Center for Research in Black Culture. New York: New York Public
     Library, 1986. (C, 016.8108092, G921, 87-011549).
A Guide to Papers of the NAACP: Part I, 1909-1950, Meetings of the Board
     of Directors, Records of Annual Conferences, Major Speeches, and
     Special Reports. Editorial adviser, August Meier. Edited by Randolph
     Boehm. Frederick, MD: University Publications of America, 1982.
     (MA, 016.9730496, G946, 83-27431).
A Guide to Research on Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Modern Black
     Freedom Struggle. Compiled by the Martin Luther King, Jr., Papers
     Project. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Libraries, 1989. (C,
     016.3231196, G946, 90-48724).
Guide to Scholarly Journals in Black Studies. Introduction by Gerald A.
     McWorter. Chicago, IL: Chicago Center for Afro-American Studies and
     Research, 1981. R, 016.9730496, G946, 83-24641).
Hall, Woodrow Wadworth. Bibliography of the Tuskegee Gerrymander
     Protest; Pamphlets, Magazine and Newspaper Articles. AL: Department
     of Records and Research, Tuskeegee Institute, 1960. (C, 016.328334,
     qT966).
Helmreich, William B. Afro-Americans and Africa: Black Nationalism at the
     Crossroads. Special Bibliographic Series, African Bibliographic Center,
     new series, no. 3. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1977. (C,
     016.9730496, H481, 77-34796).
Herod, Agustina and Charles C. Herod. Afro-American Nationalism: an
     Annotated Bibliography of Militant Separatist and Nationalist Literature.
     New York: Garland, 1986. (C, 016.305896, H559, 87-029115).
Howard University, Washington, D.C. Library. Moorland Foundation.
     Dictionary Catalog of the Arthur B. Spingarn Collection of Negro
     Authors. 2 vols. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1970. (RC, 016.808899,
     fH853955).
______. Dictionary Catalog of the Jesse E. Moorland Collection of Negro
     Life and History. 9 vols. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1970. (RC, 016.301451,
     fH853955).
Irwin, Leonard B. Black Studies: a Bibliography. Brooklawn, NJ: McKinley
     Pub. Co., 1973. (C, 016.9173069, I72, 73-4870).
Jackel, Adele, ed. Source Materials for Black History, Albany, N.Y.
     Compiled by Harmanus Bleecker Library and New York State Library.
     Chronology and bibliography by Fitz Cady. Albany, NY: New York
     State Library, 1972. (R, 974.742, fN5575). 
Jones, Charles Edwin. Black Holiness: a Guide to the Study of Black
     Participation in Wesleyan Perfectionist and Glossolalic Pentecostal
     Movements. Metuchen, NJ.: American Theological Library Association,
     Scarecrow Press, 1987. (C, 016.2708208, J76, 89-25281).
Library Company of Philadelphia. Afro-Americana, 1553-1906: Author
     Catalog of the Library Company of Philadelphia and the Historical
     Society of Pennsylvania. Boston: G. K. Hall, 1973. (C, 016.973, qP544,
     74-12140).
Library of Congress. Manuscript Division. The National Urban League
     Southern Regional Office: a Register of Its Records in the Library of
     Congress. Registers of papers in the Manuscript Division of the Library
     of Congress, no. 59. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, Manuscript
     Division, 1983. (C, 016.9750496, qL697, 83-79019).
Malval, Fritz J., comp. A Guide to the Archives of Hampton Institute.
     Bibliographies and Indexes in Afro-American Studies, no. 5. Westport,
     CT: Greenwood Press, 1985. (A, 016.3787554, M262, 86-27658).
McCain, Sara B., comp. Negro Culture; a Selective Bibliography. Bowling
     Green, OH: Ohio State University at Bowling Green, Library,
     Bibliographic Research Center, 1968. (C, 016.301451, qO378652).
McDonnell, Robert W. The Papers of W.E.B. Du Bois, 1803 (1877-1963)
     1979: a Guide. Sanford, NC: Microfilming Corp. of America, 1981. (A,
     016.303484, qM136, 82-34908).
McPherson, James M. et al. Blacks in America; Bibliographical Essays.
     Garden City, NY: Doubleday & Company, Inc., 1971. (C, 016.9173,
     B631).
Moorland-Spingarn Research Center. Dictionary Catalog of the Jesse E.
     Moorland Collection of Negro Life and History: First supplement. 3 vols.
     Boston: G.K. Hall, 1976. (RC, 016.301451, fH853955, 1970b).
Morris, Milton D. Politics of Black America: an Annotated Bibliography.
     Carbondale: Bureau of Public Affairs, Southern Illinois University at
     Carbondale, 1971. (R, 016.3234, qM877).
Newman, Debra L., comp. Black History: a Guide to Civilian Records in the
     National Archives. Washington, DC: National Archives Trust Fund
     Board, General Services Administration, 1984. (A, 016.9730496, N552,
     86-76210).
Newman, Richard, comp. Black Access: a Bibliography of Afro-American
     Bibliographies. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984. (C, 016.016973,
     N554, 84-33446).
New Jersey Library Association. Bibliography Committee. New Jersey and
     the Negro; a Bibliography, 1715-1966. Trenton: New Jersey Library
     Association, 1967. (C, 016.301451, N53952).
New York. Public Library. Schomburg Collection of Negro Literature and
     History. Dictionary Catalog. 9 vols. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1962. (RC,
     019.1, fN55256).
______. Dictionary Catalog. Supplement, 1-2, 1967-1972. 6 vols. Boston:
     G.K. Hall, 1967-72. (RC, 019.1, fN55256b).
New York. Public Library. Negro in the United States; a List of Significant
     Books. 1965. (C, 016.301451, N5525).
Obudho, Constance E. Black-White Racial Attitudes: an Annotated
     Bibliography. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1976. (C, 016.3014514,
     O14, 76-12556).
Palmer, Pamela, ed. The Robert R. Church Family of Memphis: Guide to the
     Papers with Selected Facsimilies of Documents and Photographs. R. D.
     Bohanan, manuscripts cataloger. Memphis: Memphis State University
     Press, 1979. (A, 016.976819, P175, 80-27715).
Perry, Margaret. The Harlem Renaissance: an Annotated Bibliography and
     Commentary. Critical Studies on Black Life and Culture, vol. 2. Garland
     Reference Reference Library of the Humanities, vol. 278. New York:
     Garland Publishing, Inc., 1982. (C, 016.8109974, P464, 83-25303).
Porter, Dorothy B., comp. The Negro in the United States; a Selected
     Bibliography. Washington, DC: Library of Congress, 1970. (R,
     016.301451, P844).
Professional Guide to the Afro-American in Print: a Bibliography of Current
     Works by and about the Black Man of America. Compiled by Gladys
     Marie Sturgis. Normandy, MO: The Afro-American Research
     Bibliographer, 1969. (C, 016.301451, qP964).
Pyatt, Sherman E., comp. Martin Luther King, Jr.: an Annotated
     Bibliography. Bibliographies and Indexes in Afro-American Studies, no.
     12. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1986. (C, 016.3234092, P995,
     86-40909).
Rose Bibliography Project. Analytical Guide and Indexes to Alexander's
     Magazine, 1905-1909. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1974. (C,
     016.9173069, R797, 74-15046).
Ross, Frank Alexnder. Bibliography of Negro Migration. New York:
     Columbia University Press, 1934. (C, 016.32526, R82).
Russell Sage College, Troy, N.Y. Library. Holdings on Black Americans.
     Troy: The Library, 1972. (R, 016.301451, qR96895).
Rutgers University, New Brunswick, N.J. Library. Negro and New Jersey;
     a Checklist of Books, Pamphlets, Official Publications, Broadsides, and
     Dissertations, 1754-1964, in the Rutgers University Library. Compiled
     by Donald A. Sinclair. New Brunswick: The Library, 1965. (C,
     016.301451, R975).
Salk, Erwin A. Layman's Guide to Negro history. New York: McGraw Hill,
     1967. (R, 016.9090974, S167).
Scally, M. Anthony. Carter G. Woodson: a Bio-Bibliography.
     Bio-Bibliographies in Afro-American and African Studies, no. 1.
     Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1985. (C, 016.9730496, S282,
     87-011367).
Schomburg Center for Research and Black Culture. Bibliographic Guide to
     Black Studies. Boston, G.K. Hall, 1975. (RC, 019.1, fN55256b).
Sims, Janet, comp. The Progress of Afro-American Women: a Selected
     Bibliography and Resource Guide. Foreword by Bettye Thomas.
     Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1980. (C, 016.9730496, S614,
     80-30803).
Smith, Dwight L., ed. Afro-American History; a Bibliography. Clio
     Bibliography Series, nos. 2 and 8. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-Clio, 1974,
     1981. (R, 016.917306, S645, 75-11210).
Snorgrass, J. William and Gloria T. Woody, comps. Blacks and Media: a
     Selected Annotated Bibliography. Tallahassee: University Presses of
     Florida, 1985. (C, 016.0015108, S673, 85-36290).
Taylor, Alrutheus Ambush. Negro in the Reconstruction of Virginia.
     Washington, D.C., The Association for the Study of Negro Life and
     History, 1927. (C, 325.26, T238n).
Thompson, Lawrence Sidney, comp. Southern Black: Slave and Free; a
     Bibliography of Anti- and Pro-Slavery Books and Pamphlets, and of
     Social and Economic Conditions in the Southern States from the
     Beginnings to 1950. Troy, NY: Whitson Publishing Company
     Incorporated, 1970. (C, 016.3014522, T473).
United States. Library of Congress. Division of Bibliography. List of
     Discussions of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments with Special
     Reference to Negro Suffrage. Compiled under the direction of Appleton
     Prentiss Clark, Chief Bibliographer. Washington, DC: Government
     Printing Office, 1906. (C, 016.3241, U59).
____. Select List of References on the Negro Question. Compiled under the
     direction of Appleton Prentiss Clark, Chief Bibliographer. Washington,
     DC: Government Printing Office, 1906. (C, 016.3268, U59).
United States. National Archives and Records Service. Black Studies: Select
     Catalog of National Archives Microfilm Publications. Washington, DC:
     National Archives Trust Fund Board, 1984. (A, 016.9730496, qU587,
     87-20363).
U.S. Army Military History Research Collection. The U.S. Army and the
     Negro. Carlisle Barracks, Pa: U.S. Army Military History Research
     Collection, 1971. (R, 016.3550097, U11, 75-32384).
Walton, Hanes. The Study and Analysis of Black Politics: a Bibliography.
     Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1973. (C, 016.32, W239, 74-1696).
Waxman, Julia. Race Relations, a Selected List of Readings on Racial and
     Cultural Minorities in the United States, with Special Emphasis on
     Negroes. Chicago, IL: Julius Rosenwald Fund, 1945. (C, 016.3231,
     W35).
Welsch, Erwin K. Negro in the United States; a Research Guide.
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Williams, Daniel T. Eight Negro Bibliographies. New York: Kraus Reprint
     Co., 1970. (R, 016.301451, qW722e).
Wisconsin. University at Madison. Library. Black Periodicals and
     Newspapers : a Union List of Holdings in Libraries of the University of
     Wisconsin and the Library of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin.
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     016.9730496 qW811, 80-28460).
Work, Monroe Nathan, comp. A Bibliography of the Negro in Africa and
     America. New York, The H.W. Wilson Company, 1928. (R, 016.32526,
     qW92).
Yale University. Library. A Selected List of Periodicals Relating to Negroes,
     with Holdings in the Libraries of Yale University. Compiled by Joyce B.
     Schneider. New Haven, The Library, 1970. (C, 016.3045196, qY18,
     76-11241)

BIOGRAPHY

Abernathy, Ralph. And the Walls Came Tumbling Down: an Autobiography.
     New York: Harper & Row, 1989. (C, 323.092, A146, 90-7671).
Anderson, Marian. My Lord, What a Morning: an Autobiography. New
     York: Viking Press, 1956. (Z, 780.92, A548a).
Andrews, William L., ed. Sisters of the Spirit: Three Black Women's
     Autobiographies of the Nineteenth Century. Introduction by William L.
     Andrews. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986. (C, 208.8042,
     S623, 86-33592).
Astor, Gerald. "And a Credit to His Race"; the Hard Life and Times of
     Joseph Louis Barrow, a.k.a.. Joe Louis. New York: Saturday Review
     Press, 1974. (C, 796.830924, L888, 75-6579).
Balagoon, Kuwasi. Look for Me in the Whirlwind: the Collective
     Autobiography of the New York 21. Introduction by Haywood Burns.
     New York: Random House, 1971. (C, 301.45196, ZAL8). 
Baldwin, James. Notes of a Native Son. Boston: Beacon Press, 1955. (C,
     325.260973, B181).
______. Nobody Knows My Name: More Notes of a Native Son. New York:
     Dial Press, 1963. (C, 301.451, B181).
______. The Fire Next Time. New York: Dial Press, 1963. (C, 301.451,
     B181f). 
Blackett, R.J.M. Beating Against the Barriers: Biographical Essays in
     Nineteenth-Century Afro-American History. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State
     University Press, 1986. (C, 973.0496073, B628, 86-41844).
Breitman, George, Herman Porter, and Baxter Smith. The Assassination of
     Malcolm X. New York: Pathfinder Press, 1976. Edited and introduced
     by Malik Miah. (C, 364.1524092, L778, 79-20770).
Brown, Claude. Manchild in the Promised Land. 1969. New York:
     Macmillan, 1965. (C, 309.17471, B877).
Browne, H. Rap. Die, Nigger, Die! New York: Dial Press, 1969. (C, 323.2,
     Zb8b8).
Cary, Lorene. Black Ice. New York: Knopf, 1991. (C, 373.1829607, C332,
     91-26042). 
Chisholm, Shirley. Unbought and Unbossed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin,
     1970. (R, 974.7, Zc5c5).
______. The Good Fight. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. (C,
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Clay, Cassius Marcellus. The Life of Cassius Marcellus Clay. Memoirs,
     Writings, and Speeches, Showing His Conduct in the Overthrow of
     American Slavery, the Salvation of the Union, and the Restoration of the
     Autonomy of the States. Cincinnati, OH: J.F. Brennan & Co., 1886.
     (MB/FK, 923.2, CLa). 
Cleaver, Eldridge. Soul on Ice. New York: McGraw Hill, 1967. (C,
     301.45196, C623).
Colaiaco, James A. Martin Luther King, Jr.: Apostle of Militant Nonviolence.
     New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988. (C, 323.40924, K53, 89-2330).
Colton, Elizabeth. The Jackson Phenomenon: the Man, the Power, the
     Message. New York: Doubleday, 1989. (C, 973.9270924, C725,
     89-32747).
Comer, James P. Maggie's American Dream: the Life and Times of a Black
     Family. New York: New American Library, 1988. (C, 973.0496073,
     C732, 90-48932).
Costanzo, Angelo. Surprizing Narrative: Olaudah Equiano and the
     Beginnings of Black Autobiography. Contributions in Afro-American and
     African Studies, vol. 1. New York: Greenwood Press, 1987. (C,
     973.0496073, C838, 87-055762). 
Cottrell, John. Muhammad Ali, Who Once Was Cassius Clay. New York:
     Funk & Wagnalls, 1968. (Z, 796.83, Zm86c8).
Davis, Angela. Angela Davis an Autobiography. New York: Random
     House, 1974. (C, 322.420924, D261, 75-6191).
Douglass, Frederick. Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: His Early Life
     as a Slave, His Escape from Bondage, and His Complete History to the
     Present Time, Including His Connection with the Anti-Slavery Movement.
     Hartford, CT: Park Publishing Co., 1881. (C, 360.92, D73d1b2).
Duberman, Martin B. Paul Robeson. New York: Knopf, 1988. (C,
     790.20924, R653, 89-25678).
Du Bois, W.E.B. The Autobiography of W.E.B. Du Bois; a Soliloquy on
     Viewing My Life from the Last Decade of Its First Century. New York:
     International Publishers, 1968. (C, 326.092, D816d8). 
Edwards, Harry. The Struggle That Must Be: an Autobiography. New York:
     Macmillan, 1980. (C, 973.920924, E26, 81-26652).
Evers, Mrs. Medgar. For Us, the Living. Garden City, NY: Doubleday,
     1967. (C, 323.4, Ze9e9).
Forman, James. Sammy Younge, Jr.: the First Black College Student To Die
     in the Black Liberation Movement. Washington, DC: Open Hand Pub.,
     1986. (C, 973.0049607, Y78, 86-33325).
Franklin, John Hope. George Washington Williams: a Biography. Chicago:
     University of Chicago Press, 1985. (C, 973.0496024, W723, 86-30378).
______. A Life of Learning. Charles Homer Haskins Lecture. ACLS
     Occasional Paper, no. 4. New York: American Council of Learned
     Societies, 1988. (DACS, 88-47158).
______ and August Meier, eds. Black Leaders of the Twentieth Century.
     Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1982. (C, 920.009296, B627,
     82-30075). 
Frommer, Harvey. Rickey and Robinson: the Men Who Broke Baseball's
     Color Barrier. New York: Macmillan, 1982. (C, 796.3570922, R539,
     84-24453).
Garrow, David. Bearing the Cross: Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern
     Christian Leadership Conference. New York: Morrow, 1986. (C,
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______. The Speeches of Malcolm X at Harvard. Edited with an introductory
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______. By Any Means Necessary; Speeches, Interviews, and a Letter. Edited
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STUDIES AND COMMENTARY

GENERAL
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Edwards, Harry. The Revolt of the Black Athlete. Foreword by Samuel J.
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Fleming, John. The Lengthening Shadow of Slavery: a Historical Justification
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Freedom's Journals: a History of the Black Press in New York State: an
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Hanigan, James P. Martin Luther Jing, Jr. and the Foundations of
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Harris, Fred R. and Roger W. Wilkins. Quiet Riots: Race and Poverty in the
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Hine, Darlene Clark, ed. The State of Afro-American History: Past, Present,
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Hoemann, George H. What God Hath Wrought: the Embodiment of Freedom
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Katz, William Loren. The Black West. Rev. ed. Garden City, NY: Anchor
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Konvitz, Milton Ridvas. A Century of Civil Rights. With A Study of State
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Mabee, Carleton. Black Education in New York State: From Colonial to
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Maynard, Aubre de L. Surgeons to the Poor: the Harlem Hospital Story.
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McElroy, Guy C. Facing History: the Black Image in American Art,
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Meier, August and Elliott Rudwick. Black History and the Historical
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Quarles, Benjamin. Black Mosaic: Essays in Afro-American History and
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Rose, Peter Isaac and William J. Wilson. Through Different Eyes: Black and
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Schoener, Allon, comp. Harlem on My Mind: Cultural Capital of Black
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______. Ethnic America: a History. New York: Basic Books, 1981. (C,
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     W754, 87-056227).

COLONIAL PERIOD THROUGH THE CIVIL WAR